三、人机系统功能分配准则
功能分配以任务分析为基础，以便确定哪些功能分配给人，哪些功能分配给机器。1．人与机器的特性分析人机功能分配是一个复杂的问题，人和机器都有各自的长处和短处，在进行人机功能分配之前，必须对人和机器的特性有深刻的了解。表4-1所示为人和机器的特长。概括地说，机器适合于承担笨重的、快速的、精细的、规律性的、单调的、高阶运算的、操作复杂的工作；人适合于承担监控、维修、设计、创造、故障处理及应付突然事件等工作。
 
2．人机功能分配的基本原则（1）功能分配的一般原则功能分配在任务分析和人机特性比较的基础上，主要考虑的是系统的效能、可靠性和成本。（2）功能分配需要考虑的因素功能分配考虑的事项包括：①人与机器的性能、负荷能力、潜力及局限性；②人进行规定操作所需的训练时间和精力限度；③对异常情况的适应性和反应能力的人机对比；④使用者群体的特点：年龄、性别、技术水平、文化背景、教育水平、心理因素（如注意力、厌倦）和协同作业等，人的个体差异的统计；⑤机械代替人的效果和成本等；⑥一般认为，用机器代替人，在等效等质条件下，符合下列公式才是经济可行的：[设备原值×（折旧率+大修率）+设备能耗+设备维修保养费+设备原值的银行利率]＜[人工工资+工资附加费+社会保险费]

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